Assignments & Grading:

10% Leading Discussion for Articles
25% Participation, Attendance and Reading Responses submitted on blackboard/blog
25% Mid-term Paper on a specific site, reporting the remains and analysis of the artifacts found there (5-7 pages)
30% Final Paper examining regional, cultural themes/trade networks from chosen site’s culture of origin (7-10 pages)
10% Small metal replica (or approved experimentation of a relevant process) of object from culture discussed in papers and Journal documenting the process of its production
(5% of which to be awarded upon completion of design)

WEEK 1

Lecture: Introduction
Lab: Visit the College Collections to view the metal artifacts
Reading:
Pare, C. F. E., Ed. (2000). Metals Make the World go Round: the Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe: Proceedings of a Conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. New York, Oxbow.

Exhibition Article

WEEK 2

Lecture: Mining and Ancient Ore Deposits, Etc.
Lab: Geology Guest Speaker Mineral/Ore ID lab (worksheet)
Reading:
de Jesus, Prentiss S. 1980. The Development of Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy in Anatolia. Oxford: B.A.R. (Section on ancient ores and mining procedures)

Shepherd, Robert 1993. Ancient Mining. New York: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy by Elsevier Applied Science. (Read first half, on technology and method, as well as one case study from the second half)

WEEK 3

Lecture: Processing and Smelting
Lab: Chemistry Department Smelting Guest Speaker
Reading:
Muhly, James D. “Sources of Tin and the Beginnings of Bronze Metallurgy” American Journal of Archaeology Vol. 89, No. 2 April 1985 pp. 275-291

Tylecote, R. F. (1992) A History of Metallurgy. London, Institute of Materials. (pp. 1-2, 7-11, 18-25, 35-37)

Coghlan, H. H. (1975) Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World. 2^nd ed Oxford: The Museum (pp. 27-36)

Review:
Pare, Christopher “Bronze and the Bronze Age” in C. Pare ed., Metals Make the World Go Round pp. 1-38 and pp. 151-59, Oxford: Oxbow 2003.

Further Reading:
Craddock, P. T. Early Metal Mining and Production. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995, chs. 4-5, 7.

Eaton, E.R. and Hugh McKerrel. “Near Eastern Alloying and Some Textual Evidence for the Early Use of Arsenical Copper.” World Archaeology, Vol. 8, No. 2, Climatic Change (Oct., 1976), pp. 169-191

Rehder, J.E. The mastery and uses of fire in antiquity. Ithaca: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2000, pp. 1-38, 101-160 (chs. 1-4, 10-15)

WEEK 4

Lecture: Casting in Antiquity
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Mine on Saturday
Reading:
Tylecote, R. F. (1992) A History of Metallurgy. London, Institute of Materials. (pp. 37-42)

Coghlan, H. H. (1975) Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World. 2^nd ed Oxford: The Museum (pp. 50-74, 136-139)
Further Reading:
Coghlan, H. H. (1975) Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World. 2^nd ed Oxford: The Museum (pp. 90-121)

WEEK 5

Lecture: Interpreting Archaeological Remains of Ancient Mining and Production Sites
Lab: Chemistry Department Lead Isotope Analysis Guest Speaker
Reading:
Budd, P., R. Haggerty, A. M. Pollard, B. Scaife, and R. G. Thomas. 1996. “Rethinking the Quest for Provenance.” Antiquity 70: 168-174.

Muhly, J. D. 1985b. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Problem of Lead in Copper.” Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus 1985: 78-82.

Muhly, J. D. 1995. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Archaeologist.” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.54-58.

Pernicka, E. 1995. “Crisis or Catharsis in Lead Isotope Analysis?” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.59-64.

Pollard, A. M. and C. Heron. 1996. Archaeological Chemistry. Cambridge.

Weeks, R. L. 2003. “Lead Isotope Analysis in Archaeology.” Early Metallurgy of the Persian Gulf. Boston. pp. 129-144.

Review:
Stos-Gale, Sophie. “Trade in metals in the Bronze Age Mediterranean: an overview of Lead Isotope data for provenance studies.” in Pare, C. F. E. 2000. Metals make the world go round: the supply and circulation of metals in Bronze Age Europe : proceedings of a conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. Oxford: Oxbow. pp. 56-64.

WEEK 6

Lecture: Mesopotamia
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Hopewell historical iron foundry on Saturday
Due: Designs for final Project Object
Reading:
Muhly, J.D. 1995. “Mining and Metalwork in Ancient Western Asia.” in Civilizations of the Ancient Near East vol. III, edited by J.M. Sasson, 1501-1521

Archi, A. 1993. “Bronze Alloys in Ebla.” In Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains. Archaeolgica Anatolica et Mesopotamica Alba Palmieri Dedicata, edited by M. Frangipane, H. Hauptmann, M. Liverani, P. Matthiae, and M. Mellink, 615-625.

Larsen, M. T. 1987. “Commercial Networks in the Ancient Near East.” In Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, edited by M. Rowlands, M. T. Larsen, and K. Kristiansen, 47-56. Cambridge.

Further Reading:
Potts, D. T. 1995. “Distant Shores: Ancient Near Eastern Trade with South Asia and Northeast Africa.” In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East Volume III, edited by J. M. Sasson, 1451-1463.

Cleuziou, S. and T. Berthoud. 1982. “Early Tin in the Near East: A reassessment in light of new evidence from Western Afghanistan.” Expedition 25:14-19.

Moorey, P.R.S. 1994. Ancient Mesopotamian Materials and Industries: The Archaeological Evidence. Oxford.

WEEK 7

Lecture: Egypt
Lab: First trip to Haverford Foundry– Introduction, Safety, Begin Wax
Reading:
Bachmann, H.G. et al. The Ancient Metallurgy of Copper: Archaeology-experiment-theory Ed. Beno Rothenberg (London: University College London, 1990).

Further Reading:
Scheel, Bernd, Egyptian Metalworking and Tools (UK: Aylesbury 1989).

Rothenburg, Beno. The Egyptian Mining Temple at Timna (London: University College London, 1988).

WEEK 8

Lecture: Anatolia
Lab: Second trip to Haverford Foundry–Wax
Readings:
Gale, N. H., Z. A. Stos-Gale, et. al., “Alloy Types and Copper Sources of Anatolian Copper Alloy Artifacts,” Anatolian Studies, Vol. 35 (1985), pp. 143-173.

Yener, Aslihan K. and Pamela B. Vandiver, “Tin Processing at Göltepe, an Early Bronze Age Site in Anatolia,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2 (Apr 1993) pp. 207-238.

Muhly, J. D., “Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2 (Apr 1993) pp. 239-253.

Yener, Aslihan K., Pamela B. Vandriver et al., “Reply to J. D. Muhly Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2. (Apr 1993) pp 255-264.
Further Reading:
de Jesus, Prentiss S. 1980. The Development of Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy in Anatolia. Oxford: B.A.R.

Yener, A. 1996. “A Brief Survey of Anatolian Metallurgy prior to 500 BC,” in S. Demirci, A. M. Özer, and G.D. Summers, eds., Archaeometry 94. Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Archaeometry, Ankara, 9-14 May 1994, pp. 375-91, Ankara.

WEEK 9

Lecture: Greece
Lab: Third trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish wax (and begin investments?)
Readings:
Renfrew C., and E. A. Slater. 2003. “Metal Artifacts and Metallurgy”. In Prehistoric Sitagroi: Excavations in Northeast Greece, 1968-1970. Volume 2: The Final Report, edited by E.S. Elster, and C. Renfrew, 301-324. Los Angeles.

McGeehan-Liritzis, V., and N. H. Gale. 1988. “Chemical and Lead Isotope Analyses of Greek Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Metals.” Archaeometry 30(2): 199- 225

Pernicka, E., E. Eibner, O. Öztunalı, and G.A. Wagner 2003. “Early Bronze Age Metallurgy in the North-East Aegean.” In Troia and the Troad: Scientific Approaches, edited by G.A. Wagner, E. Pernicka, and H. P Uerpmann, 143-172. Berlin, Heidelbeg
Further Reading:
Mangou, H, and P. V. Ioannou 1997. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from the Aegean region,” BSA 92: 59-72

Mangou, H. and P. V. Ioannou 1998. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from Crete,” BSA 93: 91-102

Mangou, H. and P. V. Ioannou 1999. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from mainland Greece,” BSA 94: 81-100

WEEK 10

Lecture: Cyprus
Lab: Fourth trip to Haverford Foundry–Investments
Readings:
Webb, J. M., D. Frankel, Z. A. Stos-Gale, and N. Gale. 2006. “Early Bronze Age Metal Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. New Compositional and Lead Isotope Evidence from Cyprus”

Balthazar, J. W. 1990. ‘Copper and Bronze Working in Early through Middle Bronze Age Cyprus’ and Swiny, S. 2003. “The Metal.” In Sotira Kaminoudhia. An Early Bronze Age Site in Cyprus.

CASTING BETWEEN WEEK 10 and WEEK 11

WEEK 11

Lecture: Syria, Palestine, Arabia
Lab: Fifth trip to Haverford Foundry–Open Investments and Clean off Bronzes
Reading:
Weeks, Lloyd R. Early metallurgy of the Persian Gulf: technology, trade, and the Bronze Age World. Boston : Brill, 2003

Philip, G., P. W. Clogg, and D. Dungworth. 2003. “Copper Metallurgy in the Jordan Valley from the Third to the First Millennia BC: Chemical, Metallographic and Lead Isotope Analyses of Artifacts from Pella.” Levant 35: 71-100.

Raban, A., and E. Galili. 1985. “Recent Maritime Archaeological Research in Israel-A Preliminary Report.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 14: 321-356.

Shalev, S., and J. P. Northover, 1993. “The Metallurgy of the Nahal Mishmar Hoard Reconsidered.” Archaeometry 34: 35-47.

Further Reading:
Hauptmann, A., G. Weisgerber, and H. G. Bachmann. 1988. “Early Copper Metallurgy in Oman.” In The Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys, edited by R. Maddin, 34-51. Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Potts, D. T. 1993b. “Rethinking Some Aspects of Trade in the Arabian Gulf.” World Archaeology 24/3: 423-438.

Prange, M. K., H. J. Gotze, A. Hauptmann, and G. Weisgerber. 1999. “Is Oman the Ancient Magan? Analytical Studies of Copper from Oman.” In Metals in Antiquity, edited by S. M. M. Young, A. M. Pollard, P. Budd, and R. A. Ixer, 187-192. Oxford.

WEEK 12

Lecture: Trade & Shipwrecks
Lab: Sixth trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish Cleaning off Bronzes, Filing, etc.
Reading:
Bass, G. F. “The Ingots” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 52-83.

Bass, G. F. “The Bronzes” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 84-121.

Bass, G. F. 1991. “Evidence of Trade from Bronze Age Shipwrecks.” in Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean, edited by N.H. Gale. Oxford. pp.69-82.

Muhly, J. D., T. S. Wheeler and R. Maddin. 1977. “The Cape Gelidonya Shipwreck and the Bronze Age Metals Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean.” Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 4, No. 3. pp. 353-362.

Pulak, C. “The Uluburun Shipwreck: An Overview.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology Vol. 27 (1998 ) pp. 188-224.

Sherratt, Susan. “Circulation of metals and the end of the Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean.” In Pare, C. F. E. (2000). Metals make the world go round: the supply and circulation of metals in Bronze Age Europe : proceedings of a conference held at the University of Birmingham in June (Oxford: Oxbow). pp.82-95.

WEEK 13

Lecture: The Transition to Iron
Lab: Final trip to Haverford Foundry–Finishing Touches and Treatments
Due: Final Paper and Object
Reading:
Snodgrass, A.M. 1980. Iron and Early Metallurgy in the Mediterranean. Wertime, T., and J.D. Muhly, eds., The Coming of the Age of Iron. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. p. 335-374.

Ünsal Yalçın “Early Iron Metallurgy in Anatolia,” Anatolian Studies, Vol. 49, Anatolian Iron Ages 4. Proceedings of the Fourth Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Held at Mersin, 19-23 May 1997 (1999), pp. 177-187

Waldbaum, J. 1999. “The coming of iron in the eastern Mediterranean,” in V. Pigott, ed. The Archaeometallurgy of the Asian Old World. MASCA Research Papers in Science and Archaeology, 16pp. 25-57. Philadelphia: University Museum.

Further Reading:

Stech-Wheeler, T., J.D. Muhly, K.R. Maxwell-Hyslop and R. Maddin. 1981. Iron at Taanach and Early Iron Metallurgy in the Eastern Mediterranean. AJA 85:3. p. 245-268.

Assignments & Grading:

10% Leading Discussion for Articles
25% Participation, Attendance and Reading Responses submitted on blackboard/blog
25% Mid-term Paper on a specific site, reporting the remains and analysis of the artifacts found there (5-7 pages)
30% Final Paper examining regional, cultural themes/trade networks from chosen site’s culture of origin (7-10 pages)
10% Small metal replica (or approved experimentation of a relevant process) of object from culture discussed in papers and Journal documenting the process of its production
(5% of which to be awarded upon completion of design)

WEEK 1

Lecture: Introduction
Lab: Visit the College Collections to view the metal artifacts
Reading:
Pare, C. F. E., Ed. (2000). Metals Make the World go Round: the Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe: Proceedings of a Conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. New York, Oxbow.

Exhibition Article

WEEK 2

Lecture: Mining and Ancient Ore Deposits, Etc.
Lab: Geology Guest Speaker Mineral/Ore ID lab (worksheet)
Reading:
de Jesus, Prentiss S. 1980. The Development of Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy in Anatolia. Oxford: B.A.R. (Section on ancient ores and mining procedures)

Shepherd, Robert 1993. Ancient Mining. New York: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy by Elsevier Applied Science. (Read first half, on technology and method, as well as one case study from the second half)

WEEK 3

Lecture: Processing and Smelting
Lab: Chemistry Department Smelting Guest Speaker
Reading:
Muhly, James D. “Sources of Tin and the Beginnings of Bronze Metallurgy” American Journal of Archaeology Vol. 89, No. 2 April 1985 pp. 275-291

Tylecote, R. F. (1992) A History of Metallurgy. London, Institute of Materials. (pp. 1-2, 7-11, 18-25, 35-37)

Coghlan, H. H. (1975) Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World. 2^nd ed Oxford: The Museum (pp. 27-36)

Review:
Pare, Christopher “Bronze and the Bronze Age” in C. Pare ed., Metals Make the World Go Round pp. 1-38 and pp. 151-59, Oxford: Oxbow 2003.

Further Reading:
Craddock, P. T. Early Metal Mining and Production. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995, chs. 4-5, 7.

Eaton, E.R. and Hugh McKerrel. “Near Eastern Alloying and Some Textual Evidence for the Early Use of Arsenical Copper.” World Archaeology, Vol. 8, No. 2, Climatic Change (Oct., 1976), pp. 169-191

Rehder, J.E. The mastery and uses of fire in antiquity. Ithaca: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2000, pp. 1-38, 101-160 (chs. 1-4, 10-15)

WEEK 4

Lecture: Casting in Antiquity
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Mine on Saturday
Reading:
Tylecote, R. F. (1992) A History of Metallurgy. London, Institute of Materials. (pp. 37-42)

Coghlan, H. H. (1975) Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World. 2^nd ed Oxford: The Museum (pp. 50-74, 136-139)
Further Reading:
Coghlan, H. H. (1975) Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World. 2^nd ed Oxford: The Museum (pp. 90-121)

WEEK 5

Lecture: Interpreting Archaeological Remains of Ancient Mining and Production Sites
Lab: Chemistry Department Lead Isotope Analysis Guest Speaker
Reading:
Budd, P., R. Haggerty, A. M. Pollard, B. Scaife, and R. G. Thomas. 1996. “Rethinking the Quest for Provenance.” Antiquity 70: 168-174.

Muhly, J. D. 1985b. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Problem of Lead in Copper.” Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus 1985: 78-82.

Muhly, J. D. 1995. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Archaeologist.” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.54-58.

Pernicka, E. 1995. “Crisis or Catharsis in Lead Isotope Analysis?” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.59-64.

Pollard, A. M. and C. Heron. 1996. Archaeological Chemistry. Cambridge.

Weeks, R. L. 2003. “Lead Isotope Analysis in Archaeology.” Early Metallurgy of the Persian Gulf. Boston. pp. 129-144.

Review:
Stos-Gale, Sophie. “Trade in metals in the Bronze Age Mediterranean: an overview of Lead Isotope data for provenance studies.” in Pare, C. F. E. 2000. Metals make the world go round: the supply and circulation of metals in Bronze Age Europe : proceedings of a conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. Oxford: Oxbow. pp. 56-64.

WEEK 6

Lecture: Mesopotamia
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Hopewell historical iron foundry on Saturday
Due: Designs for final Project Object
Reading:
Archi, A. 1993. “Bronze Alloys in Ebla.” In Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains. Archaeolgica Anatolica et Mesopotamica Alba Palmieri Dedicata, edited by M. Frangipane, H. Hauptmann, M. Liverani, P. Matthiae, and M. Mellink, 615-625.

Larsen, M. T. 1987. “Commercial Networks in the Ancient Near East.” In Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, edited by M. Rowlands, M. T. Larsen, and K. Kristiansen, 47-56. Cambridge.

Further Reading:
Potts, D. T. 1995. “Distant Shores: Ancient Near Eastern Trade with South Asia and Northeast Africa.” In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East Volume III, edited by J. M. Sasson, 1451-1463.

WEEK 7

Lecture: Egypt
Lab: First trip to Haverford Foundry– Introduction, Safety, Begin Wax
Reading:
Bachmann, H.G. et al. The Ancient Metallurgy of Copper: Archaeology-experiment-theory Ed. Beno Rothenberg (London: University College London, 1990).

Further Reading:
Scheel, Bernd, Egyptian Metalworking and Tools (UK: Aylesbury 1989).

Rothenburg, Beno. The Egyptian Mining Temple at Timna (London: University College London, 1988).

WEEK 8

Lecture: Anatolia
Lab: Second trip to Haverford Foundry–Wax
Readings:
Gale, N. H., Z. A. Stos-Gale, et. al., “Alloy Types and Copper Sources of Anatolian Copper Alloy Artifacts,” Anatolian Studies, Vol. 35 (1985), pp. 143-173.

Yener, Aslihan K. and Pamela B. Vandiver, “Tin Processing at Göltepe, an Early Bronze Age Site in Anatolia,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2 (Apr 1993) pp. 207-238.

Muhly, J. D., “Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2 (Apr 1993) pp. 239-253.

Yener, Aslihan K., Pamela B. Vandriver et al., “Reply to J. D. Muhly Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2. (Apr 1993) pp 255-264.
Further Reading:
de Jesus, Prentiss S. 1980. The Development of Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy in Anatolia. Oxford: B.A.R.

Yener, A. 1996. “A Brief Survey of Anatolian Metallurgy prior to 500 BC,” in S. Demirci, A. M. Özer, and G.D. Summers, eds., Archaeometry 94. Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Archaeometry, Ankara, 9-14 May 1994, pp. 375-91, Ankara.

WEEK 9

Lecture: Greece
Lab: Third trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish wax (and begin investments?)
Readings:
Renfrew C., and E. A. Slater. 2003. “Metal Artifacts and Metallurgy”. In Prehistoric Sitagroi: Excavations in Northeast Greece, 1968-1970. Volume 2: The Final Report, edited by E.S. Elster, and C. Renfrew, 301-324. Los Angeles.

McGeehan-Liritzis, V., and N. H. Gale. 1988. “Chemical and Lead Isotope Analyses of Greek Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Metals.” Archaeometry 30(2): 199- 225

Pernicka, E., E. Eibner, O. Öztunalı, and G.A. Wagner 2003. “Early Bronze Age Metallurgy in the North-East Aegean.” In Troia and the Troad: Scientific Approaches, edited by G.A. Wagner, E. Pernicka, and H. P Uerpmann, 143-172. Berlin, Heidelbeg
Further Reading:
Mangou, H, and P. V. Ioannou 1997. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from the Aegean region,” BSA 92: 59-72

Mangou, H. and P. V. Ioannou 1998. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from Crete,” BSA 93: 91-102

Mangou, H. and P. V. Ioannou 1999. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from mainland Greece,” BSA 94: 81-100

WEEK 10

Lecture: Cyprus
Lab: Fourth trip to Haverford Foundry–Investments
Readings:
Webb, J. M., D. Frankel, Z. A. Stos-Gale, and N. Gale. 2006. “Early Bronze Age Metal Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. New Compositional and Lead Isotope Evidence from Cyprus”

Balthazar, J. W. 1990. ‘Copper and Bronze Working in Early through Middle Bronze Age Cyprus’ and Swiny, S. 2003. “The Metal.” In Sotira Kaminoudhia. An Early Bronze Age Site in Cyprus.

CASTING BETWEEN WEEK 10 and WEEK 11

WEEK 11

Lecture: Syria, Palestine, Arabia
Lab: Fifth trip to Haverford Foundry–Open Investments and Clean off Bronzes
Reading:
Weeks, Lloyd R. Early metallurgy of the Persian Gulf: technology, trade, and the Bronze Age World. Boston : Brill, 2003

Philip, G., P. W. Clogg, and D. Dungworth. 2003. “Copper Metallurgy in the Jordan Valley from the Third to the First Millennia BC: Chemical, Metallographic and Lead Isotope Analyses of Artifacts from Pella.” Levant 35: 71-100.

Raban, A., and E. Galili. 1985. “Recent Maritime Archaeological Research in Israel-A Preliminary Report.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 14: 321-356.

Shalev, S., and J. P. Northover, 1993. “The Metallurgy of the Nahal Mishmar Hoard Reconsidered.” Archaeometry 34: 35-47.

Further Reading:
Hauptmann, A., G. Weisgerber, and H. G. Bachmann. 1988. “Early Copper Metallurgy in Oman.” In The Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys, edited by R. Maddin, 34-51. Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Potts, D. T. 1993b. “Rethinking Some Aspects of Trade in the Arabian Gulf.” World Archaeology 24/3: 423-438.

Prange, M. K., H. J. Gotze, A. Hauptmann, and G. Weisgerber. 1999. “Is Oman the Ancient Magan? Analytical Studies of Copper from Oman.” In Metals in Antiquity, edited by S. M. M. Young, A. M. Pollard, P. Budd, and R. A. Ixer, 187-192. Oxford.

WEEK 12

Lecture: Trade & Shipwrecks
Lab: Sixth trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish Cleaning off Bronzes, Filing, etc.
Reading:
Bass, G. F. “The Ingots” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 52-83.

Bass, G. F. “The Bronzes” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 84-121.

Bass, G. F. 1991. “Evidence of Trade from Bronze Age Shipwrecks.” in Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean, edited by N.H. Gale. Oxford. pp.69-82.

Muhly, J. D., T. S. Wheeler and R. Maddin. 1977. “The Cape Gelidonya Shipwreck and the Bronze Age Metals Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean.” Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 4, No. 3. pp. 353-362.

WEEK 13

Lecture: The Transition to Iron
Lab: Final trip to Haverford Foundry–Finishing Touches and Treatments
Due: Final Paper and Object
Reading:
Snodgrass, A.M. 1980. Iron and Early Metallurgy in the Mediterranean. Wertime, T., and J.D. Muhly, eds., The Coming of the Age of Iron. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. p. 335-374.

Ünsal Yalçın “Early Iron Metallurgy in Anatolia,” Anatolian Studies, Vol. 49, Anatolian Iron Ages 4. Proceedings of the Fourth Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Held at Mersin, 19-23 May 1997 (1999), pp. 177-187

Waldbaum, J. 1999. “The coming of iron in the eastern Mediterranean,” in V. Pigott, ed. The Archaeometallurgy of the Asian Old World. MASCA Research Papers in Science and Archaeology, 16pp. 25-57. Philadelphia: University Museum.

Further Reading:

Stech-Wheeler, T., J.D. Muhly, K.R. Maxwell-Hyslop and R. Maddin. 1981. Iron at Taanach and Early Iron Metallurgy in the Eastern Mediterranean. AJA 85:3. p. 245-268.

So, is there anything else that we need, that should be changed, etc? Different pages, switching any readings from further readings to regular readings, etc.? Also: Articles on Uluburun, and does anyone think we need a geological source on ores?

I guess at like 4:00 tomorrow I’ll make sure all suggestions have been accounted for and email a version to Professor Wright to turn it in…

Assignments & Grading:

10% Leading Discussion for Articles
25% Participation, Attendance and Reading Responses submitted on blackboard/blog
25% Mid-term Paper on a specific site, reporting the remains and analysis of the artifacts found there (5-7 pages)
30% Final Paper examining regional, cultural themes/trade networks from chosen site’s culture of origin (7-10 pages)
10% Small metal replica (or approved experimentation of a relevant process) of object from culture discussed in papers and Journal documenting the process of its production
(5% of which to be awarded upon completion of design)

WEEK 1

Lecture: Introduction
Lab: Visit the College Collections to view the metal artifacts
Reading:
Pare, C. F. E., Ed. (2000). Metals Make the World go Round: the Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe: Proceedings of a Conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. New York, Oxbow.

Exhibition Article

WEEK 2

Lecture: Mining and Ancient Ore Deposits, Etc.
Lab: Geology Guest Speaker Mineral/Ore ID lab (worksheet)
Reading:
de Jesus, Prentiss S. 1980. The Development of Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy in Anatolia. Oxford: B.A.R. (Section on ancient ores and mining procedures)

Shepherd, Robert 1993. Ancient Mining. New York: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy by Elsevier Applied Science.

WEEK 3

Lecture: Processing and Smelting
Lab: Chemistry Department Smelting Guest Speaker
Reading:
Tylecote, R. F. (1992) A History of Metallurgy. London, Institute of Materials. (pp. 1-2, 7-11, 18-25, 35-37)

Coghlan, H. H. (1975) Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World. 2^nd ed Oxford: The Museum (pp. 27-36)
Further Reading:
Craddock, P. T. Early Metal Mining and Production. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995, chs. 4-5, 7.

Eaton, E.R. and Hugh McKerrel. “Near Eastern Alloying and Some Textual Evidence for the Early Use of Arsenical Copper.” World Archaeology, Vol. 8, No. 2, Climatic Change (Oct., 1976), pp. 169-191

Rehder, J.E. The mastery and uses of fire in antiquity. Ithaca: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2000, pp. 1-38, 101-160 (chs. 1-4, 10-15)

WEEK 4

Lecture: Casting in Antiquity
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Mine on Saturday
Reading:
Tylecote, R. F. (1992) A History of Metallurgy. London, Institute of Materials. (pp. 37-42)

Coghlan, H. H. (1975) Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World. 2^nd ed Oxford: The Museum (pp. 50-74, 136-139)
Further Reading:
Coghlan, H. H. (1975) Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World. 2^nd ed Oxford: The Museum (pp. 90-121)

WEEK 5

Lecture: Interpreting Archaeological Remains of Ancient Mining and Production Sites
Lab: Chemistry Department Lead Isotope Analysis Guest Speaker
Reading:
Budd, P., R. Haggerty, A. M. Pollard, B. Scaife, and R. G. Thomas. 1996. “Rethinking the Quest for Provenance.” Antiquity 70: 168-174.

Muhly, J. D. 1985b. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Problem of Lead in Copper.” Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus 1985: 78-82.

Muhly, J. D. 1995. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Archaeologist.” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.54-58.

Pernicka, E. 1995. “Crisis or Catharsis in Lead Isotope Analysis?” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.59-64.

Pollard, A. M. and C. Heron. 1996. Archaeological Chemistry. Cambridge.

Weeks, R. L. 2003. “Lead Isotope Analysis in Archaeology.” Early Metallurgy of the Persian Gulf. Boston. pp. 129-144.

Review:
Stos-Gale, Sophie. “Trade in metals in the Bronze Age Mediterranean: an overview of Lead Isotope data for provenance studies.” in Pare, C. F. E. 2000. Metals make the world go round: the supply and circulation of metals in Bronze Age Europe : proceedings of a conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. Oxford: Oxbow. pp. 56-64.

WEEK 6

Lecture: Mesopotamia
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Hopewell historical iron foundry on Saturday
Due: Designs for final Project Object
Reading:
Archi, A. 1993. “Bronze Alloys in Ebla.” In Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains. Archaeolgica Anatolica et Mesopotamica Alba Palmieri Dedicata, edited by M. Frangipane, H. Hauptmann, M. Liverani, P. Matthiae, and M. Mellink, 615-625.

Larsen, M. T. 1987. “Commercial Networks in the Ancient Near East.” In Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, edited by M. Rowlands, M. T. Larsen, and K. Kristiansen, 47-56. Cambridge.

Further Reading:
Potts, D. T. 1995. “Distant Shores: Ancient Near Eastern Trade with South Asia and Northeast Africa.” In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East Volume III, edited by J. M. Sasson, 1451-1463.

WEEK 7

Lecture: Egypt
Lab: First trip to Haverford Foundry– Introduction, Safety, Begin Wax
Reading:
Bachmann, H.G. et al. The Ancient Metallurgy of Copper: Archaeology-experiment-theory Ed. Beno Rothenberg (London: University College London, 1990).

Further Reading:
Scheel, Bernd, Egyptian Metalworking and Tools (UK: Aylesbury 1989).

Rothenburg, Beno. The Egyptian Mining Temple at Timna (London: University College London, 1988).

WEEK 8

Lecture: Anatolia
Lab: Second trip to Haverford Foundry–Wax
Readings:
Gale, N. H., Z. A. Stos-Gale, et. al., “Alloy Types and Copper Sources of Anatolian Copper Alloy Artifacts,” Anatolian Studies, Vol. 35 (1985), pp. 143-173.

Yener, Aslihan K. and Pamela B. Vandiver, “Tin Processing at Göltepe, an Early Bronze Age Site in Anatolia,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2 (Apr 1993) pp. 207-238.

Muhly, J. D., “Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2 (Apr 1993) pp. 239-253.

Yener, Aslihan K., Pamela B. Vandriver et al., “Reply to J. D. Muhly Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2. (Apr 1993) pp 255-264.
Further Reading:
de Jesus, Prentiss S. 1980. The Development of Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy in Anatolia. Oxford: B.A.R.

Yener, A. 1996. “A Brief Survey of Anatolian Metallurgy prior to 500 BC,” in S. Demirci, A. M. Özer, and G.D. Summers, eds., Archaeometry 94. Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Archaeometry, Ankara, 9-14 May 1994, pp. 375-91, Ankara.

WEEK 9

Lecture: Greece
Lab: Third trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish wax (and begin investments?)
Readings:
Renfrew C., and E. A. Slater. 2003. “Metal Artifacts and Metallurgy”. In Prehistoric Sitagroi: Excavations in Northeast Greece, 1968-1970. Volume 2: The Final Report, edited by E.S. Elster, and C. Renfrew, 301-324. Los Angeles.

McGeehan-Liritzis, V., and N. H. Gale. 1988. “Chemical and Lead Isotope Analyses of Greek Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Metals.” Archaeometry 30(2): 199- 225

Pernicka, E., E. Eibner, O. Öztunalı, and G.A. Wagner 2003. “Early Bronze Age Metallurgy in the North-East Aegean.” In Troia and the Troad: Scientific Approaches, edited by G.A. Wagner, E. Pernicka, and H. P Uerpmann, 143-172. Berlin, Heidelbeg
Further Reading:
Mangou, H, and P. V. Ioannou 1997. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from the Aegean region,” BSA 92: 59-72

Mangou, H. and P. V. Ioannou 1998. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from Crete,” BSA 93: 91-102

Mangou, H. and P. V. Ioannou 1999. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from mainland Greece,” BSA 94: 81-100

WEEK 10

Lecture: Cyprus
Lab: Fourth trip to Haverford Foundry–Investments
Readings:
Webb, J. M., D. Frankel, Z. A. Stos-Gale, and N. Gale. 2006. “Early Bronze Age Metal Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. New Compositional and Lead Isotope Evidence from Cyprus”

Balthazar, J. W. 1990. ‘Copper and Bronze Working in Early through Middle Bronze Age Cyprus’ and Swiny, S. 2003. “The Metal.” In Sotira Kaminoudhia. An Early Bronze Age Site in Cyprus.

CASTING BETWEEN WEEK 10 and WEEK 11

WEEK 11

Lecture: Syria, Palestine, Arabia
Lab: Fifth trip to Haverford Foundry–Open Investments and Clean off Bronzes
Reading:
Weeks, Lloyd R. Early metallurgy of the Persian Gulf: technology, trade, and the Bronze Age World. Boston : Brill, 2003

Philip, G., P. W. Clogg, and D. Dungworth. 2003. “Copper Metallurgy in the Jordan Valley from the Third to the First Millennia BC: Chemical, Metallographic and Lead Isotope Analyses of Artifacts from Pella.” Levant 35: 71-100.

Raban, A., and E. Galili. 1985. “Recent Maritime Archaeological Research in Israel-A Preliminary Report.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 14: 321-356.

Shalev, S., and J. P. Northover, 1993. “The Metallurgy of the Nahal Mishmar Hoard Reconsidered.” Archaeometry 34: 35-47.

Further Reading:
Hauptmann, A., G. Weisgerber, and H. G. Bachmann. 1988. “Early Copper Metallurgy in Oman.” In The Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys, edited by R. Maddin, 34-51. Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Potts, D. T. 1993b. “Rethinking Some Aspects of Trade in the Arabian Gulf.” World Archaeology 24/3: 423-438.

Prange, M. K., H. J. Gotze, A. Hauptmann, and G. Weisgerber. 1999. “Is Oman the Ancient Magan? Analytical Studies of Copper from Oman.” In Metals in Antiquity, edited by S. M. M. Young, A. M. Pollard, P. Budd, and R. A. Ixer, 187-192. Oxford.

WEEK 12

Lecture: Trade & Shipwrecks
Lab: Sixth trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish Cleaning off Bronzes, Filing, etc.
Reading:
Bass, G. F. “The Ingots” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 52-83.

Bass, G. F. “The Bronzes” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 84-121.

Bass, G. F. 1991. “Evidence of Trade from Bronze Age Shipwrecks.” in Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean, edited by N.H. Gale. Oxford. pp.69-82.

Muhly, J. D., T. S. Wheeler and R. Maddin. 1977. “The Cape Gelidonya Shipwreck and the Bronze Age Metals Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean.” Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 4, No. 3. pp. 353-362.

WEEK 13

Lecture: The Transition to Iron
Lab: Final trip to Haverford Foundry–Finishing Touches and Treatments
Due: Final Paper and Object
Reading:
Snodgrass, A.M. 1980. Iron and Early Metallurgy in the Mediterranean. Wertime, T., and J.D. Muhly, eds., The Coming of the Age of Iron. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. p. 335-374.

Ünsal Yalçın “Early Iron Metallurgy in Anatolia,” Anatolian Studies, Vol. 49, Anatolian Iron Ages 4. Proceedings of the Fourth Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Held at Mersin, 19-23 May 1997 (1999), pp. 177-187

Waldbaum, J. 1999. “The coming of iron in the eastern Mediterranean,” in V. Pigott, ed. The Archaeometallurgy of the Asian Old World. MASCA Research Papers in Science and Archaeology, 16pp. 25-57. Philadelphia: University Museum.

Further Reading:

Stech-Wheeler, T., J.D. Muhly, K.R. Maxwell-Hyslop and R. Maddin. 1981. Iron at Taanach and Early Iron Metallurgy in the Eastern Mediterranean. AJA 85:3. p. 245-268.

Muhly, James D.

“Sources of Tin and the Beginnings of Bronze Metallurgy”

American Journal of Archaeology Vol. 89, No. 2

April 1985 pp. 275-291

Pare, Christopher

“Bronze and the Bronze Age” in C. Pare ed.,

Metals Make the World Go Round

pp. 1-38 and pp. 151-59, Oxford: Oxbow 2003.

Shepherd, Robert

Ancient Mining

New York: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy

by Elsevier Applied Science, 1993

[FIRST HALF: TECHNOLOGY/METHOD, PLUS ONE CASE STUDY FROM SECOND HALF]

Tylecote, R. F.

A History of Metallurgy

London, Institute of Materials, 1992

Assignments & Grading:

10% Leading Discussion for Articles
25% Participation, Attendance and Reading Responses submitted on blackboard/blog
25% Mid-term Paper on a specific site, reporting the remains and analysis of the artifacts found there (5-7 pages)
30% Final Paper examining regional, cultural themes/trade networks from chosen site’s culture of origin (7-10 pages)
10% Small metal replica (or approved experimentation of a relevant process) of object from culture discussed in papers and Journal documenting the process of its production
(5% of which to be awarded upon completion of design)

WEEK 1

Lecture: Introduction
Lab: Visit the College Collections to view the metal artifacts
Reading:
Pare, C. F. E., Ed. (2000). Metals Make the World go Round: the Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe: Proceedings of a Conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. New York, Oxbow.

WEEK 2

Lecture: Mining and Ancient Ore Deposits, Etc.
Lab: Geology Guest Speaker Mineral/Ore ID lab (worksheet)
Reading:
de Jesus, Prentiss S. 1980. The Development of Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy in Anatolia. Oxford: B.A.R. (Section on ancient ores and mining procedures)

Shepherd, Robert 1993. Ancient Mining. New York: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy by Elsevier Applied Science.

WEEK 3

Lecture: Processing and Smelting
Lab: Chemistry Department Smelting Guest Speaker
Reading:
Tylecote, R. F. (1992) A History of Metallurgy. London, Institute of Materials. (pp. 1-2, 7-11, 18-25, 35-37)

Coghlan, H. H. (1975) Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World. 2^nd ed Oxford: The Museum (pp. 27-36)
Further Reading:
Craddock, P. T. Early Metal Mining and Production. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995, chs. 4-5, 7.

Eaton, E.R. and Hugh McKerrel. “Near Eastern Alloying and Some Textual Evidence for the Early Use of Arsenical Copper.” World Archaeology, Vol. 8, No. 2, Climatic Change (Oct., 1976), pp. 169-191

Rehder, J.E. The mastery and uses of fire in antiquity. Ithaca: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2000, pp. 1-38, 101-160 (chs. 1-4, 10-15)

WEEK 4

Lecture: Casting in Antiquity
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Mine on Saturday
Reading:
Tylecote, R. F. (1992) A History of Metallurgy. London, Institute of Materials. (pp. 37-42)

Coghlan, H. H. (1975) Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World. 2^nd ed Oxford: The Museum (pp. 50-74, 136-139)
Further Reading:
Coghlan, H. H. (1975) Notes on the Prehistoric Metallurgy of Copper and Bronze in the Old World. 2^nd ed Oxford: The Museum (pp. 90-121)

WEEK 5

Lecture: Interpreting Archaeological Remains of Ancient Mining and Production Sites
Lab: Chemistry Department Lead Isotope Analysis Guest Speaker
Reading:
Budd, P., R. Haggerty, A. M. Pollard, B. Scaife, and R. G. Thomas. 1996. “Rethinking the Quest for Provenance.” Antiquity 70: 168-174.

Muhly, J. D. 1985b. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Problem of Lead in Copper.” Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus 1985: 78-82.

Muhly, J. D. 1995. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Archaeologist.” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.54-58.

Pernicka, E. 1995. “Crisis or Catharsis in Lead Isotope Analysis?” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.59-64.

Pollard, A. M. and C. Heron. 1996. Archaeological Chemistry. Cambridge.

Weeks, R. L. 2003. “Lead Isotope Analysis in Archaeology.” Early Metallurgy of the Persian Gulf. Boston. pp. 129-144.

Review:
Stos-Gale, Sophie. “Trade in metals in the Bronze Age Mediterranean: an overview of Lead Isotope data for provenance studies.” in Pare, C. F. E. 2000. Metals make the world go round: the supply and circulation of metals in Bronze Age Europe : proceedings of a conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. Oxford: Oxbow. pp. 56-64.

WEEK 6

Lecture: Mesopotamia
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Hopewell historical iron foundry on Saturday
Due: Designs for final Project Object
Reading:
Archi, A. 1993. “Bronze Alloys in Ebla.” In Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains. Archaeolgica Anatolica et Mesopotamica Alba Palmieri Dedicata, edited by M. Frangipane, H. Hauptmann, M. Liverani, P. Matthiae, and M. Mellink, 615-625.

Larsen, M. T. 1987. “Commercial Networks in the Ancient Near East.” In Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, edited by M. Rowlands, M. T. Larsen, and K. Kristiansen, 47-56. Cambridge.

Further Reading:
Potts, D. T. 1995. “Distant Shores: Ancient Near Eastern Trade with South Asia and Northeast Africa.” In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East Volume III, edited by J. M. Sasson, 1451-1463.

WEEK 7

Lecture: Egypt
Lab: First trip to Haverford Foundry– Introduction, Safety, Begin Wax

WEEK 8

Lecture: Anatolia
Lab: Second trip to Haverford Foundry–Wax
Readings:
Gale, N. H., Z. A. Stos-Gale, et. al., “Alloy Types and Copper Sources of Anatolian Copper Alloy Artifacts,” Anatolian Studies, Vol. 35 (1985), pp. 143-173.

Yener, Aslihan K. and Pamela B. Vandiver, “Tin Processing at Göltepe, an Early Bronze Age Site in Anatolia,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2 (Apr 1993) pp. 207-238.

Muhly, J. D., “Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2 (Apr 1993) pp. 239-253.

Yener, Aslihan K., Pamela B. Vandriver et al., “Reply to J. D. Muhly Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2. (Apr 1993) pp 255-264.
Further Reading:
de Jesus, Prentiss S. 1980. The Development of Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy in Anatolia. Oxford: B.A.R.

Yener, A. 1996. “A Brief Survey of Anatolian Metallurgy prior to 500 BC,” in S. Demirci, A. M. Özer, and G.D. Summers, eds., Archaeometry 94. Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Archaeometry, Ankara, 9-14 May 1994, pp. 375-91, Ankara.

WEEK 9

Lecture: Greece
Lab: Third trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish wax (and begin investments?)
Readings:
Renfrew C., and E. A. Slater. 2003. “Metal Artifacts and Metallurgy”. In Prehistoric Sitagroi: Excavations in Northeast Greece, 1968-1970. Volume 2: The Final Report, edited by E.S. Elster, and C. Renfrew, 301-324. Los Angeles.

McGeehan-Liritzis, V., and N. H. Gale. 1988. “Chemical and Lead Isotope Analyses of Greek Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Metals.” Archaeometry 30(2): 199- 225

Pernicka, E., E. Eibner, O. Öztunalı, and G.A. Wagner 2003. “Early Bronze Age Metallurgy in the North-East Aegean.” In Troia and the Troad: Scientific Approaches, edited by G.A. Wagner, E. Pernicka, and H. P Uerpmann, 143-172. Berlin, Heidelbeg
Further Reading:
Mangou, H, and P. V. Ioannou 1997. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from the Aegean region,” BSA 92: 59-72

Mangou, H. and P. V. Ioannou 1998. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from Crete,” BSA 93: 91-102

Mangou, H. and P. V. Ioannou 1999. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from mainland Greece,” BSA 94: 81-100

WEEK 10

Lecture: Cyprus
Lab: Fourth trip to Haverford Foundry–Investments
Readings:
Webb, J. M., D. Frankel, Z. A. Stos-Gale, and N. Gale. 2006. “Early Bronze Age Metal Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. New Compositional and Lead Isotope Evidence from Cyprus”

Balthazar, J. W. 1990. ‘Copper and Bronze Working in Early through Middle Bronze Age Cyprus’ and Swiny, S. 2003. “The Metal.” In Sotira Kaminoudhia. An Early Bronze Age Site in Cyprus.

CASTING BETWEEN WEEK 10 and WEEK 11

WEEK 11

Lecture: Syria, Palestine, Arabia
Lab: Fifth trip to Haverford Foundry–Open Investments and Clean off Bronzes
Reading:
Weeks, Lloyd R. Early metallurgy of the Persian Gulf: technology, trade, and the Bronze Age World. Boston : Brill, 2003

Philip, G., P. W. Clogg, and D. Dungworth. 2003. “Copper Metallurgy in the Jordan Valley from the Third to the First Millennia BC: Chemical, Metallographic and Lead Isotope Analyses of Artifacts from Pella.” Levant 35: 71-100.

Raban, A., and E. Galili. 1985. “Recent Maritime Archaeological Research in Israel-A Preliminary Report.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 14: 321-356.

Shalev, S., and J. P. Northover, 1993. “The Metallurgy of the Nahal Mishmar Hoard Reconsidered.” Archaeometry 34: 35-47.

Further Reading:
Hauptmann, A., G. Weisgerber, and H. G. Bachmann. 1988. “Early Copper Metallurgy in Oman.” In The Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys, edited by R. Maddin, 34-51. Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Potts, D. T. 1993b. “Rethinking Some Aspects of Trade in the Arabian Gulf.” World Archaeology 24/3: 423-438.

Prange, M. K., H. J. Gotze, A. Hauptmann, and G. Weisgerber. 1999. “Is Oman the Ancient Magan? Analytical Studies of Copper from Oman.” In Metals in Antiquity, edited by S. M. M. Young, A. M. Pollard, P. Budd, and R. A. Ixer, 187-192. Oxford.

WEEK 12

Lecture: Trade & Shipwrecks
Lab: Sixth trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish Cleaning off Bronzes, Filing, etc.
Reading:
Bass, G. F. “The Ingots” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 52-83.

Bass, G. F. “The Bronzes” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 84-121.

Bass, G. F. 1991. “Evidence of Trade from Bronze Age Shipwrecks.” in Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean, edited by N.H. Gale. Oxford. pp.69-82.

Muhly, J. D., T. S. Wheeler and R. Maddin. 1977. “The Cape Gelidonya Shipwreck and the Bronze Age Metals Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean.” Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 4, No. 3. pp. 353-362.

WEEK 13

Lecture: The Transition to Iron
Lab: Final trip to Haverford Foundry–Finishing Touches and Treatments
Due: Final Paper and Object
Reading:
Snodgrass, A.M. 1980. Iron and Early Metallurgy in the Mediterranean. Wertime, T., and J.D. Muhly, eds., The Coming of the Age of Iron. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. p. 335-374.

Ünsal Yalçın “Early Iron Metallurgy in Anatolia,” Anatolian Studies, Vol. 49, Anatolian Iron Ages 4. Proceedings of the Fourth Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Held at Mersin, 19-23 May 1997 (1999), pp. 177-187

Waldbaum, J. 1999. “The coming of iron in the eastern Mediterranean,” in V. Pigott, ed. The Archaeometallurgy of the Asian Old World. MASCA Research Papers in Science and Archaeology, 16pp. 25-57. Philadelphia: University Museum.

Further Reading:

Stech-Wheeler, T., J.D. Muhly, K.R. Maxwell-Hyslop and R. Maddin. 1981. Iron at Taanach and Early Iron Metallurgy in the Eastern Mediterranean. AJA 85:3. p. 245-268.

STILL NEEDED:

• A geological source for the Ore ID week?
• Egypt (I’ll go check these out and have them up soon) Of course others are free to submit ideas too
• Anything else? Do all the weeks have sufficient coverage? What do you think?

Assignments & Grading:

10% Leading Discussion for Articles
25% Participation, Attendance and Reading Responses submitted on blackboard/blog
25% Mid-term Paper on a specific site, reporting the remains and analysis of the artifacts found there (5-7 pages)
30% Final Paper examining regional, cultural themes/trade networks from chosen site’s culture of origin (7-10 pages)
10% Small metal replica (or approved experimentation of a relevant process) of object from culture discussed in papers and Journal documenting the process of its production
(5% of which to be awarded upon completion of design)

WEEK 1

Lecture: Introduction
Lab: Visit the College Collections to view the metal artifacts
Reading:
Pare, C. F. E., Ed. (2000). Metals Make the World go Round: the Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe: Proceedings of a Conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. New York, Oxbow.

WEEK 2

Lecture: Mining and Ancient Ore Deposits, Etc.
Lab: Geology Guest Speaker Mineral/Ore ID lab (worksheet)

WEEK 3

Lecture: Processing and Smelting
Lab: Chemistry Department Smelting Guest Speaker
Reading:
Craddock, P. T. Early Metal Mining and Production. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1995, chs. 4-5, 7.

Eaton, E.R. and Hugh McKerrel. “Near Eastern Alloying and Some Textual Evidence for the Early Use of Arsenical Copper.” World Archaeology, Vol. 8, No. 2, Climatic Change (Oct., 1976), pp. 169-191

Rehder, J.E. The mastery and uses of fire in antiquity. Ithaca: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2000, pp. 1-38, 101-160 (chs. 1-4, 10-15)

WEEK 4

Lecture: Casting in Antiquity
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Mine on Saturday

WEEK 5

Lecture: Interpreting Archaeological Remains of Ancient Mining and Production Sites
Lab: Chemistry Department Lead Isotope Analysis Guest Speaker
Reading:
Budd, P., R. Haggerty, A. M. Pollard, B. Scaife, and R. G. Thomas. 1996. “Rethinking the Quest for Provenance.” Antiquity 70: 168-174.

Muhly, J. D. 1985b. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Problem of Lead in Copper.” Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus 1985: 78-82.

Muhly, J. D. 1995. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Archaeologist.” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.54-58.

Pernicka, E. 1995. “Crisis or Catharsis in Lead Isotope Analysis?” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.59-64.

Pollard, A. M. and C. Heron. 1996. Archaeological Chemistry. Cambridge.

Weeks, R. L. 2003. “Lead Isotope Analysis in Archaeology.” Early Metallurgy of the Persian Gulf. Boston. pp. 129-144.

Review:
Stos-Gale, Sophie. “Trade in metals in the Bronze Age Mediterranean: an overview of Lead Isotope data for provenance studies.” in Pare, C. F. E. 2000. Metals make the world go round: the supply and circulation of metals in Bronze Age Europe : proceedings of a conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. Oxford: Oxbow. pp. 56-64.

WEEK 6

Lecture: Mesopotamia
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Hopewell historical iron foundry on Saturday
Due: Designs for final Project Object
Reading:
Archi, A. 1993. “Bronze Alloys in Ebla.” In Between the Rivers and Over the Mountains. Archaeolgica Anatolica et Mesopotamica Alba Palmieri Dedicata, edited by M. Frangipane, H. Hauptmann, M. Liverani, P. Matthiae, and M. Mellink, 615-625.

Larsen, M. T. 1987. “Commercial Networks in the Ancient Near East.” In Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, edited by M. Rowlands, M. T. Larsen, and K. Kristiansen, 47-56. Cambridge.

Further Reading:
Potts, D. T. 1995. “Distant Shores: Ancient Near Eastern Trade with South Asia and Northeast Africa.” In Civilizations of the Ancient Near East Volume III, edited by J. M. Sasson, 1451-1463.

WEEK 7

Lecture: Egypt
Lab: First trip to Haverford Foundry– Introduction, Safety, Begin Wax

WEEK 8

Lecture: Anatolia
Lab: Second trip to Haverford Foundry–Wax
Readings:
Gale, N. H., Z. A. Stos-Gale, et. al., “Alloy Types and Copper Sources of Anatolian Copper Alloy Artifacts,” Anatolian Studies, Vol. 35 (1985), pp. 143-173.

Yener, Aslihan K. and Pamela B. Vandiver, “Tin Processing at Göltepe, an Early Bronze Age Site in Anatolia,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2 (Apr 1993) pp. 207-238.

Muhly, J. D., “Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2 (Apr 1993) pp. 239-253.

Yener, Aslihan K., Pamela B. Vandriver et al., “Reply to J. D. Muhly Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2. (Apr 1993) pp 255-264.
Further Reading:
de Jesus, Prentiss S. 1980. The Development of Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy in Anatolia. Oxford: B.A.R.

Yener, A. 1996. “A Brief Survey of Anatolian Metallurgy prior to 500 BC,” in S. Demirci, A. M. Özer, and G.D. Summers, eds., Archaeometry 94. Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Archaeometry, Ankara, 9-14 May 1994, pp. 375-91, Ankara.

WEEK 9

Lecture: Greece
Lab: Third trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish wax (and begin investments?)
Readings:
Renfrew C., and E. A. Slater. 2003. “Metal Artifacts and Metallurgy”. In Prehistoric Sitagroi: Excavations in Northeast Greece, 1968-1970. Volume 2: The Final Report, edited by E.S. Elster, and C. Renfrew, 301-324. Los Angeles.

McGeehan-Liritzis, V., and N. H. Gale. 1988. “Chemical and Lead Isotope Analyses of Greek Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Metals.” Archaeometry 30(2): 199- 225

Pernicka, E., E. Eibner, O. Öztunalı, and G.A. Wagner 2003. “Early Bronze Age Metallurgy in the North-East Aegean.” In Troia and the Troad: Scientific Approaches, edited by G.A. Wagner, E. Pernicka, and H. P Uerpmann, 143-172. Berlin, Heidelbeg
Further Reading:
Mangou, H, and P. V. Ioannou 1997. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from the Aegean region,” BSA 92: 59-72

Mangou, H. and P. V. Ioannou 1998. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from Crete,” BSA 93: 91-102

Mangou, H. and P. V. Ioannou 1999. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from mainland Greece,” BSA 94: 81-100

WEEK 10

Lecture: Cyprus
Lab: Fourth trip to Haverford Foundry–Investments
Readings:
Webb, J. M., D. Frankel, Z. A. Stos-Gale, and N. Gale. 2006. “Early Bronze Age Metal Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. New Compositional and Lead Isotope Evidence from Cyprus”

Balthazar, J. W. 1990. ‘Copper and Bronze Working in Early through Middle Bronze Age Cyprus’ and Swiny, S. 2003. “The Metal.” In Sotira Kaminoudhia. An Early Bronze Age Site in Cyprus.

CASTING BETWEEN WEEK 10 and WEEK 11

WEEK 11

Lecture: Syria, Palestine, Arabia
Lab: Fifth trip to Haverford Foundry–Open Investments and Clean off Bronzes
Reading:
Weeks, Lloyd R. Early metallurgy of the Persian Gulf: technology, trade, and the Bronze Age World. Boston : Brill, 2003

Philip, G., P. W. Clogg, and D. Dungworth. 2003. “Copper Metallurgy in the Jordan Valley from the Third to the First Millennia BC: Chemical, Metallographic and Lead Isotope Analyses of Artifacts from Pella.” Levant 35: 71-100.

Raban, A., and E. Galili. 1985. “Recent Maritime Archaeological Research in Israel-A Preliminary Report.” International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 14: 321-356.

Shalev, S., and J. P. Northover, 1993. “The Metallurgy of the Nahal Mishmar Hoard Reconsidered.” Archaeometry 34: 35-47.

Further Reading:
Hauptmann, A., G. Weisgerber, and H. G. Bachmann. 1988. “Early Copper Metallurgy in Oman.” In The Beginning of the Use of Metals and Alloys, edited by R. Maddin, 34-51. Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Potts, D. T. 1993b. “Rethinking Some Aspects of Trade in the Arabian Gulf.” World Archaeology 24/3: 423-438.

Prange, M. K., H. J. Gotze, A. Hauptmann, and G. Weisgerber. 1999. “Is Oman the Ancient Magan? Analytical Studies of Copper from Oman.” In Metals in Antiquity, edited by S. M. M. Young, A. M. Pollard, P. Budd, and R. A. Ixer, 187-192. Oxford.

WEEK 12

Lecture: Trade & Shipwrecks
Lab: Sixth trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish Cleaning off Bronzes, Filing, etc.
Reading:
Bass, G. F. “The Ingots” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 52-83.

Bass, G. F. “The Bronzes” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 84-121.

Bass, G. F. 1991. “Evidence of Trade from Bronze Age Shipwrecks.” in Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean, edited by N.H. Gale. Oxford. pp.69-82.

Muhly, J. D., T. S. Wheeler and R. Maddin. 1977. “The Cape Gelidonya Shipwreck and the Bronze Age Metals Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean.” Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 4, No. 3. pp. 353-362.

WEEK 13

Lecture: The Transition to Iron
Lab: Final trip to Haverford Foundry–Finishing Touches and Treatments
Due: Final Paper and Object
Reading:
Snodgrass, A.M. 1980. Iron and Early Metallurgy in the Mediterranean. Wertime, T., and J.D. Muhly, eds., The Coming of the Age of Iron. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. p. 335-374.

Ünsal Yalçın “Early Iron Metallurgy in Anatolia,” Anatolian Studies, Vol. 49, Anatolian Iron Ages 4. Proceedings of the Fourth Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Held at Mersin, 19-23 May 1997 (1999), pp. 177-187

Waldbaum, J. 1999. “The coming of iron in the eastern Mediterranean,” in V. Pigott, ed. The Archaeometallurgy of the Asian Old World. MASCA Research Papers in Science and Archaeology, 16pp. 25-57. Philadelphia: University Museum.

Further Reading:

Stech-Wheeler, T., J.D. Muhly, K.R. Maxwell-Hyslop and R. Maddin. 1981. Iron at Taanach and Early Iron Metallurgy in the Eastern Mediterranean. AJA 85:3. p. 245-268.

WEEK 2

Lecture: Mining and Ancient Ore Deposits, Etc.
Lab: Geology Guest Speaker Mineral/Ore ID lab (worksheet)

WEEK 3

Lecture: Processing and Smelting
Lab: Chemistry Department Smelting Guest Speaker

WEEK 4

Lecture: Casting in Antiquity
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Mine on Saturday

WEEK 6

Lecture: Mesopotamia
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Hopewell historical iron foundry on Saturday
Due: Designs for final Project Object

WEEK 7

Lecture: Egypt
Lab: First trip to Haverford Foundry– Introduction, Safety, Begin Wax

Haven’t Read these yet, but here are some potential sources that a search turned up:

If I take a look into these, and other potential Egyptian mining and metallurgy sources, will some others of you look up the other areas we didn’t look at in this class?

WEEK 11

Lecture: Syria, Palestine, Arabia
Lab: Fifth trip to Haverford Foundry–Open Investments and Clean off Bronzes

300 Level Class
2 hrs Lecture (1 hr professor lecturing, 1 hr discussion), up to 3hrs Lab each week

Assignments & Grading:

10% Leading Discussion for Articles
25% Participation, Attendance and Reading Responses submitted on blackboard/blog
25% Mid-term Paper on a specific site, reporting the remains and analysis of the artifacts found there (5-7 pages)
30% Final Paper examining regional, cultural themes/trade networks from chosen site’s culture of origin (7-10 pages)
10% Small metal replica (or approved experimentation of a relevant process) of object from culture discussed in papers and Journal documenting the process of its production
(5% of which to be awarded upon completion of design)

WEEK 1

Lecture: Introduction
Lab: Visit the College Collections to view the metal artifacts
Reading:
Pare, C. F. E., Ed. (2000). Metals Make the World go Round: the Supply and Circulation of Metals in Bronze Age Europe: Proceedings of a Conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. New York, Oxbow.

WEEK 2

Lecture: Mining and Ancient Ore Deposits, Etc.
Lab: Geology Guest Speaker Mineral/Ore ID lab (worksheet)

WEEK 3

Lecture: Processing and Smelting
Lab: Chemistry Department Smelting Guest Speaker

WEEK 4

Lecture: Casting in Antiquity
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Mine on Saturday

WEEK 5

Lecture: Interpreting Archaeological Remains of Ancient Mining and Production Sites
Lab: Chemistry Department Lead Isotope Analysis Guest Speaker
Reading:
Budd, P., R. Haggerty, A. M. Pollard, B. Scaife, and R. G. Thomas. 1996. “Rethinking the Quest for Provenance.” Antiquity 70: 168-174.

Muhly, J. D. 1985b. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Problem of Lead in Copper.” Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus 1985: 78-82.

Muhly, J. D. 1995. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Archaeologist.” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.54-58.

Pernicka, E. 1995. “Crisis or Catharsis in Lead Isotope Analysis?” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.59-64.

Pollard, A. M. and C. Heron. 1996. Archaeological Chemistry. Cambridge.

Weeks, R. L. 2003. “Lead Isotope Analysis in Archaeology.” Early Metallurgy of the Persian Gulf. Boston. pp. 129-144.

Review:
Stos-Gale, Sophie. “Trade in metals in the Bronze Age Mediterranean: an overview of Lead Isotope data for provenance studies.” in Pare, C. F. E. 2000. Metals make the world go round: the supply and circulation of metals in Bronze Age Europe : proceedings of a conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. Oxford: Oxbow. pp. 56-64.

WEEK 6

Lecture: Mesopotamia
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Hopewell historical iron foundry on Saturday
Due: Designs for final Project Object

WEEK 7

Lecture: Egypt
Lab: First trip to Haverford Foundry– Introduction, Safety, Begin Wax

WEEK 8

Lecture: Anatolia
Lab: Second trip to Haverford Foundry–Wax
Readings:
Gale, N. H., Z. A. Stos-Gale, et. al., “Alloy Types and Copper Sources of Anatolian Copper Alloy Artifacts,” Anatolian Studies, Vol. 35 (1985), pp. 143-173.

Yener, Aslihan K. and Pamela B. Vandiver, “Tin Processing at Göltepe, an Early Bronze Age Site in Anatolia,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2 (Apr 1993) pp. 207-238.

Muhly, J. D., “Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2 (Apr 1993) pp. 239-253.

Yener, Aslihan K., Pamela B. Vandriver et al., “Reply to J. D. Muhly Early Bronze Age Tin and the Taurus,” American Journal of Archaeology, Vol. 97, No. 2. (Apr 1993) pp 255-264.
Further Reading:
de Jesus, Prentiss S. 1980. The Development of Prehistoric Mining and Metallurgy in Anatolia. Oxford: B.A.R.

Yener, A. 1996. “A Brief Survey of Anatolian Metallurgy prior to 500 BC,” in S. Demirci, A. M. Özer, and G.D. Summers, eds., Archaeometry 94. Proceedings of the 29th International Symposium on Archaeometry, Ankara, 9-14 May 1994, pp. 375-91, Ankara.

WEEK 9

Lecture: Greece
Lab: Third trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish wax (and begin investments?)
Readings:
Renfrew C., and E. A. Slater. 2003. “Metal Artifacts and Metallurgy”. In Prehistoric Sitagroi: Excavations in Northeast Greece, 1968-1970. Volume 2: The Final Report, edited by E.S. Elster, and C. Renfrew, 301-324. Los Angeles.

McGeehan-Liritzis, V., and N. H. Gale. 1988. “Chemical and Lead Isotope Analyses of Greek Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Age Metals.” Archaeometry 30(2): 199- 225

Pernicka, E., E. Eibner, O. Öztunalı, and G.A. Wagner 2003. “Early Bronze Age Metallurgy in the North-East Aegean.” In Troia and the Troad: Scientific Approaches, edited by G.A. Wagner, E. Pernicka, and H. P Uerpmann, 143-172. Berlin, Heidelbeg
Further Reading:
Mangou, H, and P. V. Ioannou 1997. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from the Aegean region,” BSA 92: 59-72

Mangou, H. and P. V. Ioannou 1998. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from Crete,” BSA 93: 91-102

Mangou, H. and P. V. Ioannou 1999. “On the chemical composition of prehistoric Greek copper based artefacts from mainland Greece,” BSA 94: 81-100

WEEK 10

Lecture: Cyprus
Lab: Fourth trip to Haverford Foundry–Investments
Readings:
Webb, J. M., D. Frankel, Z. A. Stos-Gale, and N. Gale. 2006. “Early Bronze Age Metal Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean. New Compositional and Lead Isotope Evidence from Cyprus”

Balthazar, J. W. 1990. ‘Copper and Bronze Working in Early through Middle Bronze Age Cyprus’ and Swiny, S. 2003. “The Metal.” In Sotira Kaminoudhia. An Early Bronze Age Site in Cyprus.

CASTING BETWEEN WEEK 10 and WEEK 11

WEEK 11

Lecture: Syria, Palestine, Arabia
Lab: Fifth trip to Haverford Foundry–Open Investments and Clean off Bronzes

WEEK 12

Lecture: Trade & Shipwrecks
Lab: Sixth trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish Cleaning off Bronzes, Filing, etc.
Reading:
Bass, G. F. “The Ingots” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 52-83.

Bass, G. F. “The Bronzes” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 84-121.

Bass, G. F. 1991. “Evidence of Trade from Bronze Age Shipwrecks.” in Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean, edited by N.H. Gale. Oxford. pp.69-82.

Muhly, J. D., T. S. Wheeler and R. Maddin. 1977. “The Cape Gelidonya Shipwreck and the Bronze Age Metals Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean.” Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 4, No. 3. pp. 353-362.

WEEK 13

Lecture: The Transition to Iron
Lab: Final trip to Haverford Foundry–Finishing Touches and Treatments

Reading:
Snodgrass, A.M. 1980. Iron and Early Metallurgy in the Mediterranean. Wertime, T., and J.D. Muhly, eds., The Coming of the Age of Iron. Yale University Press, New Haven and London. p. 335-374.

Ünsal Yalçın “Early Iron Metallurgy in Anatolia,” Anatolian Studies, Vol. 49, Anatolian Iron Ages 4. Proceedings of the Fourth Anatolian Iron Ages Colloquium Held at Mersin, 19-23 May 1997 (1999), pp. 177-187

Waldbaum, J. 1999. “The coming of iron in the eastern Mediterranean,” in V. Pigott, ed. The Archaeometallurgy of the Asian Old World. MASCA Research Papers in Science and Archaeology, 16pp. 25-57. Philadelphia: University Museum.
Due: Final Paper and Object

Assignments & Grading:

10% Leading Discussion for Articles
25% Participation, Attendance and Reading Responses submitted on blackboard/blog
25% Mid-term Paper on a specific site, reporting the remains and analysis of the artifacts found there (5-7 pages)
30% Final Paper examining regional, cultural themes/trade networks from chosen site’s culture of origin (7-10 pages)
10% Small metal replica (or approved experimentation of a relevant process) of object from culture discussed in papers and Journal documenting the process of its production
(5% of which to be awarded upon completion of design)

WEEK 1

Lecture: Introduction
Lab: Visit the College Collections to view the metal artifacts

WEEK 2

Lecture: Mining and Ancient Ore Deposits, Etc.
Lab: Geology Guest Speaker Mineral/Ore ID lab (worksheet)

WEEK 3

Lecture: Processing and Smelting
Lab: Chemistry Department Smelting Guest Speaker

WEEK 4

Lecture: Casting in Antiquity
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Mine on Saturday

WEEK 5

Lecture: Interpreting Archaeological Remains of Ancient Mining and Production Sites
Lab: Chemistry Department Lead Isotope Analysis Guest Speaker
Reading:
Budd, P., R. Haggerty, A. M. Pollard, B. Scaife, and R. G. Thomas. 1996. “Rethinking the Quest for Provenance.” Antiquity 70: 168-174.
Muhly, J. D. 1985b. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Problem of Lead in Copper.” Report of the Department of Antiquities, Cyprus 1985: 78-82.
Muhly, J. D. 1995. “Lead Isotope Analysis and the Archaeologist.” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.54-58.
Pernicka, E. 1995. “Crisis or Catharsis in Lead Isotope Analysis?” Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology. Vol. 8, No. 1. pp.59-64.
Pollard, A. M. and C. Heron. 1996. Archaeological Chemistry. Cambridge.
Stos-Gale, Sophie. “Trade in metals in the Bronze Age Mediterranean: an overview of Lead Isotope data for provenance studies.” in Pare, C. F. E. 2000. Metals make the world go round: the supply and circulation of metals in Bronze Age Europe : proceedings of a conference held at the University of Birmingham in June 1997. Oxford: Oxbow. pp. 56-64.
Weeks, R. L. 2003. “Lead Isotope Analysis in Archaeology.” Early Metallurgy of the Persian Gulf. Boston. pp. 129-144.

WEEK 6

Lecture: Mesopotamia
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Hopewell historical iron foundry on Saturday
Due: Designs for final Project Object

WEEK 7

Lecture: Egypt
Lab: First trip to Haverford Foundry– Introduction, Safety, Begin Wax

WEEK 8

Lecture: Anatolia
Lab: Second trip to Haverford Foundry–Wax

WEEK 9

Lecture: Greece
Lab: Third trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish wax (and begin investments?)

WEEK 10

Lecture: Cyprus
Lab: Fourth trip to Haverford Foundry–Investments

CASTING BETWEEN WEEK 10 and WEEK 11

WEEK 11

Lecture: Syria, Palestine, Arabia
Lab: Fifth trip to Haverford Foundry–Open Investments and Clean off Bronzes

WEEK 12

Lecture: Trade & Shipwrecks
Lab: Sixth trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish Cleaning off Bronzes, Filing, etc.
Reading:
Bass, G. F. “The Ingots” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 52-83.
Bass, G. F. “The Bronzes” in Bass, G. F. 1967. “Cape Gelidonya: A Bronze Age Shipwreck.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 57. Philadelphia. pp. 84-121.
Bass, G. F. 1991. “Evidence of Trade from Bronze Age Shipwrecks.” in Bronze Age Trade in the Mediterranean, edited by N.H. Gale. Oxford. pp.69-82.
Muhly, J. D., T. S. Wheeler and R. Maddin. 1977. “The Cape Gelidonya Shipwreck and the Bronze Age Metals Trade in the Eastern Mediterranean.” Journal of Field Archaeology, Vol. 4, No. 3. pp. 353-362.

WEEK 13

Lecture: The Transition to Iron
Lab: Final trip to Haverford Foundry–Finishing Touches and Treatments
Due: Final Paper and Object

So I made the alterations that I made notes about in class, if there’s anything that I missed, or that we didn’t actually decide on but I just thought we did, whatever, don’t be afraid to speak up. (I’m not sure if the percentages are exactly what we finally decided but they were the best that I could remember)

Emily, I put in the readings you submitted, but it seems like an awful lot… Professor Wright recommended 3-5 articles per week, can you maybe cut a couple out? (unless they’re really short or something?)

Assignments & Grading:

10% Participation and Attendance
10% Leading Discussion for Articles on Regional Topics
15% *Either* Reading Responses submitted before class, *or* perhaps the discussion leader creates a small (5 question) quiz on the most important points in their articles, to be given at the end of each lecture period.
25% Mid-term Paper on Ancient Mining, Metallurgy Processes, Etc. (5-7 pages)
30% Final Paper on the metalwork of a particular culture (7-10 pages)
10% Small metal replica of object from culture discussed in final paper
(5% of which to be awarded upon completion of design)

WEEK 1

Lecture: Introduction
Lab: Visit the College Collections to view the metals

WEEK 2

Lecture: Mining and Ancient Ore Deposits, Etc.
Lab: Geology Mineral/Ore ID lab

WEEK 3

Lecture: Processing and Smelting
Lab: Chemistry Department Smelting Guest Speaker

WEEK 4

Lecture: Casting in Antiquity & Experimental Steatite Mold Carving?
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to Mine on Saturday

WEEK 5

Lecture: Interpreting Archaeological Remains of Ancient Mining Sites
Lab: Chemistry Department Lead Isotope Analysis Guest Speaker

WEEK 6

Lecture: Mesopotamia
Lab: Canceled to make up for field trip to local Foundry on Saturday
Due: Designs for final Project Object

WEEK 7

Lecture: Egypt
Lab: First trip to Haverford Foundry– Introduction, Safety, Begin Wax

WEEK 8

Lecture: Anatolia
Lab: Second trip to Haverford Foundry–Wax

WEEK 9

Lecture: Greece
Lab: Third trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish wax (and begin investments?)

WEEK 10

Lecture: Cyprus
Lab: Fourth trip to Haverford Foundry–Investments

CASTING BETWEEN WEEK 10 and WEEK 11

WEEK 11

Lecture: Syria, Palestine, Other Cultures?
Lab: Fifth trip to Haverford Foundry–Open Investments and Clean off Bronzes

WEEK 12

Lecture: Trade & Shipwrecks
Lab: Sixth trip to Haverford Foundry–Finish Cleaning off Bronzes, Filing, etc.

WEEK 13

Lecture: The end of the Bronze Age
Lab: Final trip to Haverford Foundry–Finishing Touches and Treatments
Due: Final Paper and Object

What do you guys think? Also, please post up the bibliography for the readings which you guys think are the most important from doing your presentations and whatnot.